What To Know About Myofascial Pain Syndrome

A man is holding his neck in pain because of myofascial pain syndrome.

If you suffer from any muscle pain, you know it can significantly reduce your quality of life. Apart from the unpleasant pain, it can also get in the way of doing sports or other physical activities and create a general inconvenience. 

 

For people with myofascial pain syndrome, pain can become a regular part of their life. While it’s not certain exactly what causes it, one thing is for sure, people need relief. Chronic pain can be debilitating and isolating, but the first step to managing the pain is to discuss your options with your healthcare provider. 

 

To learn more about myofascial pain syndrome, its symptoms, and how you can find relief, keep reading. 

 

What Is Myofascial Pain Syndrome? 

Myofascial pain syndrome is a condition that affects the body’s musculoskeletal system. While muscle pain is a common phenomenon, it usually gets resolved by itself—but that isn’t the case with myofascial pain syndrome. 

 

Myofascial pain syndrome is a disorder of the muscles and the soft tissues associated with it. People with this condition have sensitive pain points or “trigger points” in their muscles that can cause pain in that muscle or even in unrelated parts of the body (referred pain). Although myofascial pain syndrome is often confused with fibromyalgia, it is different. 

 

Trigger points develop in the fascia, the thin, ropey connective tissue that wraps around every muscle. When pressure is applied to these trigger points, it causes pain. 

 

What Is Fascia? 

The fascia performs an essential function within your body’s musculoskeletal system—it holds the muscles together, which allows them to stretch and contract. It also allows the muscle fibers, single muscles, and muscle groups to slide against each other without friction, so they don’t tear or get damaged. 

 

Apart from your muscles, the fascia also surrounds and connects all the organs and blood vessels.

 

What Are Trigger Points? 

The pain and tenderness in people with myofascial pain syndrome stem from trigger points. These trigger points can feel like small bumps or knots in the muscle. This knot is several muscle fiber segments in a contracted state within a taut band of muscle. This contraction causes the blood flow to stop, lowering the amount of oxygen the area requires. Additionally, waste materials also build up in these areas. This irritates the trigger point, which reacts by sending a pain signal. 

 

Myofascial trigger points are mainly classified into active and latent trigger points. Active trigger points create pain spontaneously or respond to any movement that could trigger local or referred pain. Conversely, latent trigger points elicit pain or discomfort only in response to compression or some stimuli. 

 

Apart from active and latent trigger points, there are also secondary and satellite trigger points. A secondary trigger point is in a different muscle than the active trigger point, but it can be irritated simultaneously as the functional trigger point. A satellite trigger point is a trigger point that overlaps with another one and is ineffective, so it becomes inactive. 

 

What Is the Difference Between Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Fibromyalgia? 

Both fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome are characterized by muscle pain which is why several people mistake them or even classify them as the same condition. While they resemble each other, specific differences make it essential to recognize the difference and engage with a proper treatment plan. 

 

Fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome can share symptoms like chronic muscle pain, fatigue, migraines, and numbness, but the main difference is the localization of pain. Myofascial pain is usually seen in a particular anatomic area, while fibromyalgia is more widespread. Myofascial pain syndrome can also recede, meaning that the pain might only be there for a short time, but fibromyalgia is nearly always a chronic condition. 

 

Finally, myofascial pain syndrome comes from trigger points in the muscles, while fibromyalgia comes from tender points

 

What Are the Symptoms of Myofascial Pain? 

Different people experience myofascial syndrome in different ways depending on the intensity of their condition. For some, the pain can flare up suddenly, but for others, it can be a dull pain that is permanently in the background. The most common symptoms of myofascial pain syndrome are: 

 

● Pain. People with this condition usually describe the pain as a deep and throbbing pain with tightness and stiffness in the muscle. The pain can be spontaneous or aggravated and localized or referred. 

● Trigger points. Small bumps, nodules, or knots in the muscle can cause pain and tenderness when touched and sometimes without being touched. 

● Twitch response. Compression can elicit a twitch response over the areas where the trigger points are located. 

● Muscle tightness. When stretching, people with myofascial pain syndrome may experience a restricted range of motion and sensitivity and soreness. 

● Local myasthenia. While there is no noticeable atrophy, the muscles with the trigger points can be susceptible to weakening. 

 

Additionally, people with this syndrome usually develop other health conditions like: 

● Headaches or migraines

● Insomnia 

● Depression

● Fatigue

 

Where Does Myofascial Pain Commonly Affect People? 

Trigger points can develop anywhere in the body, but some areas have increased prevalence, such as the upper back, shoulder, and neck muscles. 

 

What Causes Myofascial Pain Syndrome? 

 

There is no specific cause behind myofascial pain syndrome; however, several theories are being tested. One of the potential causes behind this syndrome is central sensitization, which causes people to perceive even normal stimuli as painful. 

 

Some common causes of myofascial pain syndrome include:

 

● Muscle injury or strain.

● Muscle weakness (from lack of use). 

● Poor posture.

● Cold weather

● Emotional or mental distress

● Pinched nerves. 

●   Thyroid disease

●   Diabetic neuropathy

● Vitamin deficiency 

● Chronic infections

● Genetic factors

 

Myofascial pain syndrome can affect anyone at any point in their lives. Research shows the syndrome affects about 85% of people at some point in their lifetime. Myofascial pain syndrome is a highly underdiagnosed disorder since a significant symptom is referred pain, which can easily be misdiagnosed. 

 

What Is the Best Treatment for Myofascial Pain? 

Once you receive a diagnosis, you can discuss your treatment options with your doctor. The goal of treatment is to target the trigger points to make them inactive and stretch and strengthen weak muscles. 

 

Trigger Point Injections

Trigger Point Injections (TPI) involve injecting the muscle with local anesthetic medication, saline, or cortisone to relax the area. TPIs are a highly effective treatment modality when it comes to inactivating pressure points and relieving pain. 

 

Physical Therapy 

Physical therapy is a standard option to help correct the effects of myofascial pain syndrome, like muscle shortening and tightening. Stretching and massage therapy can help relax the trigger points and correct posture and ergonomics. Common modalities include diathermy and ultrasound therapy and the spray and stretch technique, which involves spraying the muscle with a topical anesthetic and then stretching out the muscle. 

 

Dry Needling 

Although it can cause some pain or discomfort, dry needling is one of the quickest ways to inactivate trigger points. The doctor will insert a needle directly into the trigger point and stimulate it to inactivate it and reduce your pain. Some doctors may use acupuncture needles instead of hypodermic needles since they are smaller and less painful. 

 

Can Myofascial Pain Syndrome Be Cured? 

There is currently no concrete solution behind the pain mechanism and contributing factors of myofascial pain syndrome, meaning no specific cure for the condition. However, since inflammation is one of the most likely causes, engaging with treatment and making some lifestyle changes can help provide relief. 

 

The first step to take is to see a pain specialist and discuss the changes you can make to live a less painful life. Some options you can consider are: 

 

  1. Diet. Switching to an anti-inflammatory diet—a Mediterranean diet, for example—can help increase antioxidants and reduce unhealthy carbohydrates since they increase inflammation. 
  2. Exercise. While you don’t need to engage in strenuous physical activity every day, you must get regular movement. Inactive muscles can become deconditioned, which can lead to inflammation. In addition, exercise can increase endorphins, which can help reduce the stress of living with chronic pain. 
  3. Sleep. Getting enough sleep at night can help minimize the pain you experience daily. Focus on doing what you can each day to ensure you sleep better at night. 
  4. Lifestyle changes. Make some simple changes in your daily lifestyle—stop slouching, try yoga and meditation, and get enough vitamin D. 

 

 

 

Pain is sometimes unavoidable but know that you can find relief if you’re living with chronic pain. Most pain can be significantly reduced or even eliminated with the proper treatment. To learn more, get in touch with Pain Treatment Centers of America to see how you can best manage your pain. Call us at (844) 215-0731 or find a location near you to get started! 


By Bob Berendsen February 1, 2026
Chronic or acute pain has the potential to significantly impact your daily life, making even everyday tasks a hassle. Pain Treatment Centers of America believes that knowing your medication options is a crucial step in building an appropriate, personal pain management strategy. While many treatment options are available, pharmacologic therapy has been the peak of comprehensive care. Types of Medications Used in Pain Management Pain medications are not universalized. The selection of the right prescription depends on the pain type, severity, and medical history. Common categories include: 1. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, tend to be the first line of defense for low levels of pain. They reduce swelling and provide comfort associated with conditions like arthritis, back pain, or joint injuries. In some patients, however, they can affect the stomach or kidneys. Therefore, careful studying and dosing guidance from a professional is key. 2. Acetaminophen Acetaminophen is mostly for general pain reduction and is sometimes combined with other treatments. Unlike NSAIDs, it doesn’t target swelling. Nonetheless, it can be effective for pain relief and daily improvement. 3. Muscle Relaxants For pain caused by muscle spasms or tension, muscle relaxants can provide relief. These medications work by calming overactive muscles and are usually prescribed for short-term use to prevent dependency or side effects. 4. Antidepressants and Anti-Seizure Medications Certain antidepressants and anti-seizure drugs can treat neuropathic (nerve) pain. They work by altering how the nervous system processes signals of pain throughout your body. Even if you do not experience depression or seizures, these medications assist with pain control. 5. Opioids Opioids are strong pain-relieving medications chosen for more potent pain when other options aren’t doing the trick. At Pain Treatment Centers of America, we practice strict guidelines to minimize risks, evaluate patient progress, and ensure healthy, responsible use. A combination of Opioids can be introduced to other treatments as part of a multimodal pain management plan. Personalized Pain Management The effectiveness of medications is best when combined with other therapies; physical therapy, interventional procedures, and lifestyle changes. We work closely with each patient to structure a plan that focuses on the root cause of pain, not just the signs. Every treatment plan is carefully engineered, giving thought to variables like medical history, existing conditions, and possible side effects. Patients are taught how to use the medication safely, dosing schedules, and expectations of each prescription. Take the Next Step Understanding your medication options enables you to take charge of your pain and improve your life overall. If you’re having issues with chronic or acute pain, our professionals at Pain Treatment Centers of America will gladly help. We mix the most up-to-date pharmacologic therapies with personalized care to provide comfort, improve function, and enhance your total well-being. Schedule a consultation today to learn which pain management medications are a good fit.
By Bob Berendsen January 15, 2026
Winter, widely considered the season of comfort, is the time for indoor relaxation and quiet contemplation. However, winter also brings with it some very real dangers, including cold, dark, and slippery surfaces. For older adults or those dealing with chronic pain, a small slip on these surfaces can lead to serious injuries that take months to heal. The good news? You can train your body to handle these challenges. Let’s explore some simple, safe exercises you or your loved ones can do from the comfort of your home to build your winter-proof stability. Why Winter Increases the Risk of Falls Cold weather brings more than just chilly air. It changes the way we move, how our muscles respond, and even how we think about walking. When it’s icy, people tend to tense up, take shorter steps, and look down more often. Muscles also get tighter in the cold, which reduces flexibility. Plus, all those bulky layers of clothes mess with your center of gravity and limit how quickly you can react if you start to lose your balance. Your boots might be waterproof and warm, but they're probably not giving you the ankle support or ground feel you'd get from your regular shoes. Then there's the simple fact that many of us move less in winter. Maybe you skip your daily walks when it's freezing, or you stop going to that exercise class because driving feels too risky. But here's the catch: the less you move, the weaker you get, and the weaker you get, the more likely you are to fall. Building a Foundation To prevent this, you simply need to work on two main things: balance and strength. Physical therapy and balance-focused exercises train your muscles, joints, and nervous system to respond faster and more effectively when something throws you off. Balance Training Balance isn’t just about standing still without wobbling. It’s about how your body reacts when something throws it off center. When you step on ice, for example, your brain and muscles have to communicate in an instant to keep you upright. If that connection is slow or weak, you’re more likely to fall. Some simple ways to train your balance include: ● Single Leg Stands : Stand near a sturdy surface like a countertop or wall for support. Lift one foot slightly off the ground and hold that position for 10–15 seconds. Then switch sides. At first, you might wobble, but that’s perfectly normal. Over time, your legs, ankles, and core muscles will get stronger, and your balance will improve. Try doing 3 rounds on each leg daily. ● Heel-to-Toe Walk: Imagine you’re walking on a tightrope. Place one foot directly in front of the other, heel touching toe, as you move slowly across the room. This simple drill strengthens your stabilizing muscles and sharpens coordination. Keep your eyes forward, not down, and use a wall for light support if needed. ● Side Leg Raises: Hold onto a sturdy chair or counter. Lift one leg out to the side while keeping your back straight and your toes facing forward. Lower it slowly and repeat. This exercise builds hip strength, which plays a big role in staying upright on slippery ground. ● Weight Shifts: Stand with your feet hip-width apart and shift your weight from one leg to the other slowly. Feel your balance change from left to right. This gentle exercise teaches your body to adjust quickly. Strength Training Balance and strength go hand in hand. When your muscles are strong, they act like shock absorbers, keeping you stable even when your footing isn’t perfect. Focus on the muscles that support your posture and help you move safely. Here are a few simple exercises to include in your daily routine: ● Chair Squats: Sit down and stand up from a sturdy chair without using your hands for support. Keep your feet flat on the floor and your knees aligned with your toes. This move strengthens your thighs, hips, and glutes—key muscles for stability and control. ● Heel Raises: Stand behind a chair or counter and slowly lift your heels so you’re standing on your toes. Lower back down after holding for a few seconds. This helps strengthen your calves and ankles, improving the small muscle reactions that keep you upright when you slip. ● March in Place: Lift your knees high as if you’re marching. Do this for one to two minutes, rest, and repeat. Marching builds leg endurance and helps train your coordination. ● Core Squeezes: While sitting or standing, tighten your stomach muscles as if you’re zipping up a snug jacket. Hold for 10 seconds, then release. A strong core helps your upper and lower body work together to keep you balanced. These movements may look simple, but they’re powerful. Doing them for just 10–15 minutes a day can make winter walks safer and less stressful. Warming Up Before You Head Outdoors Cold weather tightens muscles and slows blood flow, making your body less responsive. That’s why warming up before heading outside is so important. Think of it as insurance against sudden slips. Try a short warm-up routine before stepping out: ● Arm circles to loosen shoulders. ● Gentle knee bends to wake up leg muscles. ● Shoulder rolls and neck stretches to improve mobility. ● A quick indoor walk or stair climb to raise your heart rate slightly. It’s also wise to check your footwear. Look for rubber soles with deep treads for better traction. Avoid smooth or worn-out shoes, and consider ice grips that attach to your boots if you live in a particularly snowy area. Winter doesn't have to be a season of fear. By investing just 10-15 minutes a day in these simple, safe exercises, you can build the strength and confidence you need to navigate the season safely. You are giving your body the tools it needs to stay upright, stable, and strong. When to Ask for Professional Help If you’ve had a fall before or feel nervous about losing your balance, it’s a good idea to get help from a physical therapist or pain specialist. They can assess your movement patterns and create a personalized exercise plan to strengthen weak areas. At Pain Treatment Centers of America , we often see patients who avoid movement due to fear of falling or pain. With guided therapy, they rebuild strength and confidence. Therapists also teach safe walking techniques, posture corrections, and stretching routines that make winter mobility much easier. Even if you’re recovering from an injury or dealing with chronic conditions like arthritis, a professional can tailor exercises that improve stability without aggravating pain. Our team at Pain Treatment Centers of America can provide you with the comprehensive care you need to manage your pain. Contact us to book an appointment!
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